The most common French building terms can be often found in the dictionary. However, even quite large French-English dictionaries - being aimed more at students of literature, can miss out even pretty mainstream terms.
Here's a list (listed alphabetically in English) to get you started, whether you're renovating your own place or trying to communicate with a local builder.
| English | French | Type |
|---|---|---|
| air vent | trou d'aération or conduit d'aération | nm |
| alarm bell | sonnerie d’alarme | nf |
| angle grinder | meuleuse | nf |
| arch | voûte | nf |
| architect | architect | nm |
| architrave | baguette | nf |
| asbestos | amiante | nm |
| awl | poinçon | nm |
| axe | hache | nf |
| B | ||
| bandsaw | see "saw" below | |
| base | assise | nf |
| batten | latte | nf |
| beam | poutre | nf |
| bearer | support | nm |
| belt sander | ponceuse a bande | nf |
| bevel | biseau | nm |
| bitumen | bitume | nm |
| blade | lame | nf |
| blow lamp | chalumeau | nm |
| boiler | chaudière | nf |
| bolt | boulon | nm |
| bore | vriller | vt |
| bore hole | trou de sondage | nm |
| bow/bay window | oriel | nf |
| brace | vilebrequin | nm |
| bracket | tasseau | nm |
| bradawl | poinçon | nm |
| brick | brique | nf |
| brush (paint) | pinceau | nm |
| building | bâtiment | nm |
| building site | chantier | nm |
| C | ||
| casement window | fenêtre à battants | nf |
| ceiling | plafond | nm |
| cement | ciment | nm |
| cesspool | fosse d’aisance | nf |
| chimney-sweep | ramoneur | nm |
| chipboard | panneau de particules | |
| clay roof tile | tuile terre cuite | nf |
| concrete | béton | nm |
| cork tile | carreau de liège | nm |
| countersink | fraise | nf |
| crack | fissure | nf |
| cupboard (built in) | placard | nm |
| custom made | fait sur commande | adj |
| cut out | découper | nm |
| D | ||
| damp | humidité | nf |
| damp proof course | couche isolante | nf |
| day-work | travail à la journée | nm |
| de-humidifier | déshumidificateur | nm |
| delay | delai | nm |
| delivery | livraison | nf |
| discount | escompte | nm |
| DIY | bricolage | nm |
| door handle | poignée de porte | nf |
| door knob | bouton de porte | nm |
| dormer window | lucarne | nf |
| double glazing | double vitrage | nf |
| downpipe | tuyau de descente | nm |
| drain | vidange | nf |
| draught-excluder | bourrelet | nm |
| dry-rot | carie sèche | nf |
| duct | conduit | nm |
| E | ||
| eaves | avant-toit | nmpl |
| estimate | devis | nm |
| F | ||
| false ceiling | faux plafond | nf |
| fanlight | imposte | nf |
| fence | clôture | nf |
| fencing wire mesh | grillage | nm |
| fibre glass (insulation) | laine de verre | nf |
| fire extinguisher | extincteur | nm |
| fire-guard | garde-feu | nm |
| fire proof | ininflammable | adj |
| firewood | bois de chauffage | nm |
| first floor | premier étage | nm |
| fit out | aménager | vt |
| fix | pose | vt |
| fixed price | prix fixe | nm |
| flammable | inflammable | adj |
| flashing | un revêtement de zinc (nm) / noue | nf |
| floor | plancher | nm |
| floorboard | planche | nf |
| flue | conduit de cheminée | nf |
| flush (toilet) | chasse d’eau | nf |
| foundations | fouille | nf |
| frame (door or window) | chambranle | nm |
| freeze up | se prendre en glace | vt |
| french window | porte-fenêtre | nf |
| frost stat | thermostat a gel | nm |
| fuel gauge | jauge fuel | nf |
| fuse | fusible | nm |
| fuse box | coupe-circuit | nm |
| G | ||
| gable end | pignon | nm |
| general company | entreprise générale | |
| glass cutter | diamant | nm |
| glass door | porte vitrée | nf |
| gloss (paint) | brillant | adj |
| ground floor | rez de chaussée | nm |
| gutter roof | gouttière | nf |
| H | ||
| hacksaw | scie à métaux | nf |
| hammer | marteau | nm |
| handle | poignée | nf |
| handrail | main courante | nf |
| handyman | bricoleur | nm |
| hard water | eau dure | nf |
| hardboard | carton-cuire | nm |
| hardcore (rubble) | blocaille | nf |
| hardware (building) | quincaillerie | nf |
| hardwood (red) | bois exotique | nm |
| headroom | hauteur libre | nf |
| hedge | haie | nf |
| hinge | gond | nm |
| hire | location | nf |
| hose-pipe | tuyau d’arrosage | nm |
| hot plate (hob) | plaque chauffante | nf |
| I | ||
| immersion heater | cumulus électrique | nm |
| (more commonly) | ballon | nm |
| in stock | disponible | adj |
| invoice | facture | nf |
| iron (material) | fer | nm |
| iron (cast) | fonte | nf |
| ironmongery | quincaillerie | nf |
| J | ||
| jig saw | scie sauteuse | nf |
| joinery | menuiserie | nf |
| joist | solive | nf |
| junction box (electrical) | boite de dérivation | nf |
| K | ||
| keyhole | trou de serrure | nm |
| L | ||
| ladder | échelle | nf |
| lag | envelopper | vt |
| lampholder | douille | nf |
| lampshade | abat-jour | nm |
| landing | palier | nm |
| latch | loquet | nm |
| lawn | pelouse | nf |
| lawn-mower | tondeuse | nf |
| leak | fuite | nm |
| lean-to | appentis | nm |
| lease | bail | nm |
| letter box | boite aux lettres | nf |
| level | à niveau | nm |
| level (tool) | niveau | nm |
| (not) level | bancal | adj |
| lever | levier | nm |
| light bulb | ampoule | nf |
| lighting | éclairage | nm |
| lime | chaux | nf |
| linseed oil (bats!) | huile de lin | nf |
| lintel | linteau | nm |
| lock | serrure | nf |
| M | ||
| mains (sewers) | tout a l’égout | nm |
| mains (water) | eau de la ville | nf |
| maintenance | l’entretien | nm |
| manhole | trou de visite | nm |
| manhole cover | plaque d'égout or regard | |
| masonry paint | peinture crépi | nf |
| meter (elec or water etc) | compteur | nm |
| methylated spirit | alcool a brûler | nm |
| mildew | moisissure | nf |
| mortar | mortier | nm |
| mould | moisi | nm |
| mouse | souris | nf |
| mouse-trap | tapette | nf |
| mullion | meneau | nm |
| N | ||
| nail | clou | nm |
| non-slip | antidérapant | adj |
| notch | entaille | nf |
| O | ||
| off-peak (electric) | heures creuses | adj |
| overflow (an) | tuyau d'écoulement | nm |
| overflow (to) | déborder | vi |
| overhang | surplomb | nm |
| P | ||
| padlock | cadenas | nm |
| partition wall | cloison | nf |
| party wall | mur mitoyen | nm |
| patio | terrasse | nf |
| paving | dallage | nm |
| paving stone | pavé | nm |
| pelmet | lambrequin | nm |
| pickaxe | pioche | nf |
| pipe | tuyau | nm |
| pipeline | canalisation | nf |
| pipeline gas | canalisation de gaz or tuyau de gaz | |
| pipeline oil | canalisation de fuel or tuyau de fuel | |
| pipeline water | conduite d'eau | |
| plan(s) | plan | nm |
| plane | rabot | nm |
| plank | planche | nf |
| plaster | nm | |
| plaster block | carreau de plâtre | nm |
| plasterboard | placoplâtre | nm |
| pliers | pinces | nfpl |
| plug (electric) | fiche | nf |
| plumb-line | fil à plomb | nm |
| plumbing | plomberie | nf |
| plywood | contre-plaque | nm |
| point (brickwork) | jointoyer | vt |
| porch | porche | nm |
| post (fence) | poteau | nm |
| preservative | agent de conservation | nm |
| price list | tarif | nm |
| prime (wood) | apprêter | vt |
| project manager | maitre d'oeuvre | |
| prop | support | nm |
| putty | mastic | nm |
| Q | ||
| quote | fixer un prix | vt |
| R | ||
| rafter | chevron | nm |
| rawlplug | cheville | nf |
| receipt | reçu | nm |
| recess | recoin | nm |
| reinforced concrete | béton arme | nm |
| removal | déménagement | nm |
| render | enduit | nm |
| repair | réparation | nf |
| residence | demeure | nf |
| restoration | restauration | nf |
| restore | restaurer | vt |
| ridge | faîte | nm |
| rising damp | infiltration | nf |
| rockery | jardin de rocaille | nm |
| roof | toit | nm |
| roof truss | armature à toit | nf |
| roofing felt | feutre a toit | nm |
| room | pièce | nf |
| rope | corde | nf |
| rot | pourriture | nf |
| rough sketch | ébauche | nf |
| router | défonceuse | nf |
| rubbish (building) | détritus | nm |
| rubble | gravats | nmpl |
| rust | rouille | nf |
| S | ||
| sand | sable | nm |
| sand paper | papier de verre | nm |
| sandblast | sablager | vt |
| sander | ponceuse | nf |
| saw | scie | nf |
| saw: bandsaw | scie à ruban | |
| saw: circular saw | scie circulaire | |
| saw: fretsaw | scie à chantourner/découper | |
| saw: panel saw | scie à guichet | |
| scaffold | échafaudage | nm |
| screed | chape | nf |
| screw | vis | nf |
| screw to | visser | vt |
| screwdriver | tournevis | nm |
| semi-detached | jumelée | adj |
| septic tank | fosse septique | nf |
| service hatch | passe-plat | nm |
| set-square | équerre à dessin | nf |
| sewage | eaux d’égout | nfpl |
| sewer | égout | nm |
| sharp | tranchant | adj |
| shelf | étagère | nf |
| shingle (roofing) | bardeau | nm |
| shore up | étayer | vt |
| short-circuit | court-circuit | nm |
| shovel | pelle | nf |
| shower tray | bac de douche | nm |
| shutter | volet | nm |
| shutter (slatted) | persienne | nf |
| sill (door) | seuil | nm |
| sink (kitchen) | évier | nm |
| sink (bathroom) | lavabo | nm |
| skip | benne | nf |
| skirting board | plinthe | nf |
| slate | ardoise | nf |
| sliding door | porte coulissante | nf |
| soak away | puits perdu | nm |
| socket (mechanics) | douille | nf |
| socket (electric) | prise | nf |
| soil pipe | tuyau d’égout | nm |
| solder | soudure | nf |
| supplies, provision or stock | réserves | |
| sound proof | insonore | adj |
| spiral staircase | escalier spiral | nm |
| spirit level | niveau à bulle | nm |
| split level | jumeau duplex | nm |
| spotlight | projecteur | nm |
| spray gun | pistolet | nm |
| spring (water) | source | nf |
| square meter | mètre carré | nm |
| stable (horse) | écurie | nf |
| stainless steel | inox | nm |
| staple | agrafe | nf |
| steel | acier | nm |
| step ladder | escabeau | nm |
| stone | pierre | nf |
| stop cock | robinet de fermeture | nm |
| storey | étage | nm |
| subsidence | affaissement | nm |
| supplier | fournisseur | nm |
| swing door | porte va et vient | nf |
| switch(one way) | interrupteur | nm |
| switch(two way) | interrupteur va et vient | nm |
| T | ||
| tank (heating oil) | réservoir de fioul | nm |
| tank (water) | citerne | nf |
| tap | robinet | nm |
| tar | goudron | nm |
| tarpaulin | bâche | nf |
| tenon saw | scie à tenon | nf |
| temporary support (Accro) | etais | |
| thatch | chaume | nm |
| tile (floor) | carreau | nm |
| tile (wall) | faïence | nf |
| tile (roof) | tuile | nf |
| time-switch | minuterie | nf |
| transom | traverse | nf |
| trellis-work | treillage | nm |
| trowel | truelle | nf |
| U | ||
| unblock | dégager | vt |
| under floor heating | chauffage sous-sol | nm |
| undercoat | sous-couche | nf |
| unfurnished | non meublé | adj |
| uninhabited | inhabité | adj |
| V | ||
| valve | soupape nf/ robinet | nm |
| valve: check valve | robinet non retour | nm |
| valve: ball valve | boisseau sphérique | nm |
| VAT | TVA | nm |
| Veneer | placage | nm |
| W | ||
| wall | mur | nm |
| wall thickness | épaisseur de la paroi | |
| wall lamp | applique | nf |
| washer | rondelle | nf |
| waste disposal unit | broyeur a ordures | nm |
| water heater | chauffe-eau | nm |
| water main | conduite principale | nf |
| water softener | adoucisseur d’eau | nm |
| waterproof | imperméable | adj |
| watertight | étanche | adj |
| waterseal (silicone) | hydrofuge | nf |
| wedge | coin | nm |
| well | puits | nm |
| welding | soudure | nf |
| wheelbarrow | brouette | nf |
| width | largeur | nf |
| window sill | rebord | nm |
| woodburning stove | poêle | nm |
| woodwork | boiserie | nf |
| workshop | atelier | nm |
| worm eaten | vermoulu | adj |
| wrought iron | fer forgé | nm |
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