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This is a guide to the legislation and administrative details of having a baby in France - the more personal decisions are just that, personal. On Becoming PregnantOnce a pregnancy is suspected it should be confirmed in an initial examination with a doctor, gynaecologist or midwife. Family health history and information about allergies will be required at this point. The doctor or midwife prescribes tests to determine the woman's blood type and identify the presence of diseases that may present risks such as rubella and toxoplasmosis. After this first official examination (Premier examen prénata) the doctor (or examiner) issues a three-part document to declare the pregnancy. This is the déclaration de grossesse. Within three months - no later than the fourteenth week of pregnancy - this must be sent as follows (to avoid risking the loss of allowed benefits):
The Caisse d'Assurance Maladie issues the dates of medical examinations, details of permitted maternity leave and a health booklet to explain the steps of pregnancy and care. Detailed information on the process from pregnancy to post natal care, and the health and maternity allowances is published by l'Assurance Maladie en Ligne (Ameli.fr), the French national health insurance organisation.
The maternity record bookThe maternity record book (Carnet de santé maternité) has two principal functions:
This multi-part book must be taken to every medical consultation. It is composed of detachable layers corresponding with the various stages of a pregnancy. It states the point at which a particular examination is required, and where to go and where to send documents. Every examination or process by a doctor or a midwife will be filled in. This entitles the mother 100 percent reimbursement on certain expenses. This document is confidential, although a doctor has the right to inform the father of the baby on certain details, if it is considered necessary. A woman who does not fulfil the conditions of examination as laid out in the carnet de maternité may find their rights to refunds and employment allowance are jeopardised. In the case of an unmarried couple, the couple must decide and declare who will receive the benefits - be the "allocatee". Antenatal classes are also subsidised by national health insurance. Records of medical examinations must be submitted to the medical insurer. The CAF office issues a pass which show a pregnant woman has the right to go to the front of the queue in public places, and demand that someone gives up their seat in a public place or on public transport.
Employment protection and parental leavePregnant, employed or self-employed women receive a great many benefits and much job protection. Women are allowed 16 weeks maternity leave in France, for the third child, maternity leave is 26 weeks. An allowance is paid during maternity off-time. A pregnant employee is not obliged to reveal her pregnancy until the time she wishes to take maternity leave. Notification can be by made verbally or by letter. By law, a job must be kept available to the pregnant employee. Parental leave is also allowed to fathers. If a decision is made to stop work or work part time after maternity leave, the parent is entitled to a parental leave (congé parental d'éducation). Those with more than one child, who have worked for two out of the last five years, are entitled to an Allocation parentale d'enfant. The congé can be renewed until the child's third birthday.
Benefits and allowancesThere is a range of benefits and allowances available when a child is added to a family (by natural birth or adoption). These vary depending on the number of children, the income of the parent(s) and other factors. The relevant CAF office can advice a parent/parent-to-be on their precise entitlement. Prestation d'Accueil du Jeune Enfant (PAJE) covers all children born or adopted from 1 January 2004. This entitlement replaces previous schemes including Allocation Pour Jeune Enfant (APJE). If a child is born into a family already receiving APJE for older children, CAF applies a transitional system.
Obligatory antenatal medical examinationsA pregnant woman is obliged to undergo seven antenatal examinations, which will be fully refunded. The first visit must take place before the end of the third month of pregnancy. After this examination, exams are monthly from the forth month. Women not immune to toxoplasmosis will have their blood tested at a laboratory, monthly. Generally, three sonograms (échographie) will be conducted during a pregnancy. The BirthGenerally, delivery takes place in a maternity hospital and usually by mid-wife (sage femme). Parents should find and reserve a hospital place long in advance. If a private hospital or clinic is chosen, there may not be full reimbursement by state health insurance. Parents may request that the birth is performed by the gynaecologist - this will affect where the birth may take place. Generally, a hospital stay lasts three days. Epidurals (péridurale) are happily given. Home births
Home and natural births are not common in France. While they can be arranged, it
may be difficult as a result of various administrative and insurance
reasons: the health and security of the baby and mother are of primary importance, and even though statistics show that there is little difference in the mortality rate between home and hospital births, there is the chance of prosecution for those in attendance if something goes wrong in a home birth. This is under the legal responsibility of
non-assistance à une personne en danger meaning that someone not helping a person in danger and will face prosecution - this is a serious offence in France.
Doulas de France is a French association of Doulas (birthing assistants, or partners). The website has an English section which explains the association and the role of the birthing partner providing support to the woman in labour and the attending mid-wife.
EU NationalsLegislation allows that an EU citizen resident in France with French medical insurance may have the delivery in their home country. Expenses are reimbursed.
Registration of the BirthThe Déclaration de Naissance or birth registration is obligatory for any child, whether legitimate (born into marriage) or natural (born to un-married parents). It must be made within three days of the birth (although allowance is made for weekends). The registration is free. The notification must be made at the local Mairie of the birth, by a qualified person, officier d'état civil. Any person who has attended the birth may make the statement but they must take the signed birth certificate extrait d'act de naissance and proof of residence.
A request for a birth certificate must include:
French nationalityAny child born to at least one parent who is a French national has automatic French nationality (whether born in France or abroad). A child born in France, where neither parent is French may receive French nationality (on request) at age 18 years if they are resident in France. A child who has lived in France for at least five years from the age 11 onwards may receive French nationality (on request) at age 18 years. Registration of birth at an EmbassyEmbassies recommend that their nationals resident in France register the birth of the baby at their home Consulate. The health record of the childA health record ( carnet de naissance de l'enfant) is issued by the hospital, doctor or town hall after the birth of a baby. This notebook must be taken to every medical consultation the child has until they are 18 years of age. The medical examiner will enter the details of any procedure. This provides a record of full medical history. PostnatalThe postnatal period (période post-natale) involves examinations for both the mother and infant. The baby is examined in the first week and then nine further times in the first year, three during second, and two during each of the next years up to the sixth birthday. Of these exams, three contribute to a "certificate of good health" - the first week, ninth month and 24th month. The gynaecologist examines both the mother and baby at eight weeks after delivery. Local health care centres for the Protection Maternelle et Infantile (PMI) provide clinic services clinic for mother and child. The services are free if "health carnets" are made available. The staff perform the basic postnatal checks, provide advice and help on issues such as nutrition and breast feeding. They are also permitted to administer the vaccinations. Mother's are also prescribed and reimbursed for postnatal physical therapy. VaccinationsThe health record also acts as a certificate of vaccinations (carnet médical peut servir de certificat de vaccinations). The doctor or clinic signs, dates and declares the vaccinations given. A child can be expected to receive the following:
Naming the childParents married in France or issued with a French family record book (Livret de Famille), should return to the town hall with the birth certificate (signed by the doctor or midwife) so that the child's name can be entered. For any information, contact the Marie of the birthplace. Relevant OrganisationsThere are several official organisations in France catering to mothers and families. They are:
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